{"id":505,"date":"2013-06-17T18:37:25","date_gmt":"2013-06-17T18:37:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.copycheck.com.cn\/?p=505"},"modified":"2013-06-17T18:41:51","modified_gmt":"2013-06-17T18:41:51","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%9c%a8%e9%a1%b6%e7%ba%a7%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e6%9d%82%e5%bf%97%e4%b8%8a%e5%8f%91%e8%a1%a8%e8%ae%ba%e6%96%87%ef%bc%88%e4%ba%8c%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/blog.copycheck.com.cn\/?p=505","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u9876\u7ea7\u79d1\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587\uff08\u4e8c\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5199\u5c01\u9762\u4fe1\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bb2\u7a76\uff0c\u5199\u7684\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5c31\u7ed9\u4f60\u9000\u56de\u3002\u00a0\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e00\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5728Nature Neuroscience\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u7684\uff1a\u00a0We would like to submit the enclosed manuscript entitled “GDNF Acutely Modulates Neuronal Excitability and A-type Potassium Channels in Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons<\/em>“, which we wish to be considered for publication in Nature Neuroscience\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0cGDNF has long been thought to be a potent neurotrophic factor for the survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons,\u00a0\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u5bb6\u8fc7\u53bb\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u8425\u517b\u56e0\u5b50\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e2d\u8111\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5b58\u6d3b\u8d77\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u8bf4\uff0cwhich are degenerated in Parkinson\u2019s disease.\u00a0\u4efb\u4f55\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u8ddf\u75be\u75c5\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8bdd\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0cGDNF\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u8c03\u63a7\u4e2d\u8111\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5b58\u6d3b\uff0cIn this paper, we report an unexpected, acute effect of GDNF on A-type potassium channels, leading to a potentiation of neuronal excitability, in the dopaminergic neurons in culture as well as in adult brain slices. Further, we show that GDNF regulates the K+<\/sup> channels through a mechanism that involves activation of MAP kinase. Thus, this study has revealed, for the first time, an acute modulation of ion channels by GDNF.\u00a0\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bb2\u7684\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u8bb2\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002Our findings challenge the classic view of GDNF as a long-term survival factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons,\u00a0\u6559\u8bfe\u4e66\u4e0a\u8bf4GDNF survival factor\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u6311\u6218\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5982\u6709\u9053\u7406\u5c06\u6539\u5199\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\uff0c\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6211\u53c8\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5csuggest that the normal function of GDNF is to regulate neuronal excitability, and consequently dopamine release.\u00a0\u8fd9\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5df4\u91d1\u68ee\u6c0f\u75c7\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u63a7\u795e\u7ecf\u5174\u594b\u6027\uff0c\u6765\u8c03\u63a7\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u00a0These results may also have implications in the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease.\u00a0\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e34\u5e8a\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u662f\u5efa\u8bae\uff1aDue to a direct competition and conflict of interest, we request that Drs. XXX of #1 Univ., and YY of #2 Univ. not be considered as reviewers.\u00a0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5efa\u8bae\u4e5f\u8981\u5b9e\u4e8b\u6c42\u662f\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u662f\u5728\u505a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u53d1\u8868\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u505a\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bbf\u95eeNIH\u65f6\uff0c\u95ee\u6211\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u80fd\u5728Nature Neuroscience\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868?\u00a0\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u7684\u8c03\u63a7\u6587\u7ae0\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u96be\u53d1\u4e86\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u8425\u517b\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002GDNF\u5bf9\u4e2d\u8111\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u8c03\u63a7\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u7ae0\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u4ed6\u8981\u662f\u8bfb\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u5c01\u9762\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u600e\u4e48\u5199\uff0c\u4ece\u4ec0\u4e48\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u6765\u7f16\u6392\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u53d1\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e8c\uff0cWe would like to submit the enclosed manuscript entitled “Ca2+<\/sup>-binding protein frequenin mediates GDNF-induced potentiation of Ca2+<\/sup> channels and transmitter release<\/em>“, which we wish to be considered for publication in Neuron. We believe that two aspects of this manuscript will make it interesting to general readers of Neuron. First, we report that GDNF has a long-term regulatory effect on neurotransmitter release at the neuromuscular synapses. This provides the first physiological evidence for a role of this new family of neurotrophic factors in functional synaptic transmission. Second, we show that the GDNF effect is mediated by enhancing the expression of the Ca2+<\/sup>-binding protein frequenin. Further, GDNF and frequenin facilitate synaptic transmission by enhancing Ca2+<\/sup> channel activity, leading to an enhancement of Ca2+<\/sup> influx.\u00a0\u5177\u4f53\u79d1\u5b66\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u61c2\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u6e05\u695a\u610f\u4e49\u3002Thus, this study has identified, for the first time, a molecular target that mediates the long-term, synaptic action of a neurotrophic factor. Our findings may also have general implications in the cell biology of neurotransmitter release.\u00a0\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5bb6\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u00a0\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u89c6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3e\u4f8b\u4e09\uff0c\u662f1996\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u5728Nature\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5206\u91cf\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c01\u9762\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5c31\u5199\u5f97\u591a\u4e00\u70b9\u3002Enclosed are copies of a manuscript entitled “BDNF and NT-4\/5 Promote the Development of Long-Term Potentiation in the Hippocampus”, which we wish to be considered for publication in Nature. As you know, there is a great deal of interest and excitement recently in understanding the role of neurotrophins in synapse development and plasticity.\u00a0\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002Our manuscript provides, for the first time, the physiological evidence that neurotrophins regulate long-term potentiation (LTP).\u00a0\u00a0The main point of the paper is that the neurotrophins BDNF and NT-4 induce an earlier appearance of LTP in developing hippocampus.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0In contrast to recent Science article by XX group,\u00a0\u4eba\u5bb6\u521a\u521a\u5728Science\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3002We did not see that BDNF enhance basal synaptic transmission in adult hippocampus. Nature\u548cScience\u76f8\u4e92\u90fd\u8981\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u662fScience\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u5174\u8da3\u3002However, we found that in adult hippocampus, inhibition of BDNF\/TrkB activity attenuated LTP, and weak tetanus that normally cannot induce LTP produced enduring LTP.\u00a0\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002These findings may have implications in the basic mechanism for regulation of synapse development and long-term modulation of synaptic efficacy.\u00a0\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

Because of the rather competitive nature of the field and the important implication of our findings, we have not yet presented this work in any public forum.\u00a0\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u516c\u5171\u573a\u5408\u6ca1\u6709\u8bb2\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002However, confidential discussion with several prominent neuroscientists such as 111 and 222 have generated tremendous excitement.\u79c1\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u540d\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u770b\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u611f\u5230\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d,\u589e\u00a0\u52a0\u4e86\u5206\u91cf\u3002Thus, we feel that this work is of general interest and is suitable for publication in Nature\u3002<\/p>\n

\u600e\u6837\u5199\u6807\u9898\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4e3e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5199\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u548c\u51e0\u4e2a\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u3002\u5199\u6807\u9898\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u8981\u5199\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u53cd\u590d\u5f3a\u8c03\u4f60\u505a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53d1\u73b0,\u00a0\u975e\u540c\u4e00\u822c\u4e5f\u8981\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u6807\u9898\u91cc\u3002\u505a\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u7c7b\u4e1c\u897f\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u529f\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u8bf4\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u53d1\u00a0\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u673a\u7406,\u662f\u628a\u673a\u5236\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u4e86\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f15\u8d77\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u8fd9\u6807\u9898\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5199\u5f97\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u751f\u52a8\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u62d0\u5f2f\u6478\u89d2\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3e\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5199\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7ffb\u9605\u4e86Science\u3001Nature.\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u6807\u9898\u90fd\u662f\u5728Science\u3001Nature\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u592a\u574f\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u597d\u7684\u6807\u9898\u8981\u5dee\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n

SynCAM, a synaptic adhesion molecule that drives synapse assembly<\/em>\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u7a81\u89e6\u5f62\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u514b\u9686\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ec4\u88c5\u7a81\u89e6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u5c31\u5438\u5f15\u4f60\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

Inhibition of Retroviral RNA production by ZAP, a CCCH-type Zinc finger protein<\/em>\u3002Zinc finger protein\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u8f6c\u5f55\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4Zinc finger protein\u53ef\u4ee5\u6291\u5236\u9006\u8f6c\u5f55\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u9006\u8f6c\u5f55\u75c5\u6bd2\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aZinc finger protein\u53ef\u4ee5\u6291\u5236\u5b83\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

Protein phosphatase 1 is a molecular constraint for learning and memory<\/em>, Protein phosphatase 1\u00a0\u662f\u78f7\u9178\u8102\u9176\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9176\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u5b66\u4e60\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u5f88\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

E3 ubiquitin ligase that recognizes sugar chain<\/em>\uff0c\u9176\u7684\u5e95\u7269\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u86cb\u767d\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662fsugar chain\uff0c\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u610f\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n

Single cell gene profile<\/em> \u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u91cc\u9762\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7684profile\u90fd\u62ff\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u00a0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9898\u76ee\u4e00\u770b\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

Molecular evolution of FOXP2, a gene involved in speech and language<\/em>\u3002<\/em> \u8fd9\u7bc7\u9664\u4e86\u6807\u9898\u597d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u4e5f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7cbe\u5f69\u3002\u5b83\u8bf4FOXP2\u57fa\u56e0\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u8bb2\u6f14\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e00\u5171\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u624b\u5de5\u753b\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u56fe\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u3002\u00a0FOXP2\u662f\u5728\u5589\u5499\u808c\u8089\u91cc\u9762\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u3002\u8be5\u6587\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u5df2\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5206\u6790\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bb2\u8bdd\u7ed3\u7ed3\u5df4\u5df4\uff0c\u8bb2\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9057\u4f20\u57fa\u56e0\u574f\u4e86\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd9\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u53bb\u67e5\u4e86\u57fa\u56e0\u5e93\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7334\u5b50\u3001\u7329\u7329\u8ddf\u4eba\u6bd4\u8f83\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e00\u4e0b\u5176DNA\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u8ddf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bb2\u8bdd\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u7334\u5b50\u3001\u7329\u7329\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bb2\u8bdd\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bb2\u8bdd\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u574f\u4e86\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7334\u5b50\u3001\u7329\u7329\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u5316\u5230\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5199\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u4eba\u7edd\u5bf9\u662f\u5f88\u806a\u654f\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u4eba\u5bb6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u62ff\u6765\uff0c\u505a\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e0e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u7684\u7334\u5b50\u3001\u7329\u7329\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u51fa\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u592a\u597d\u7684\u6807\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n

Structure, mechanism, an regulation of the Neurospora plasma membrane H+<\/sup><\/em>\uff0c\u00a0\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u6ca1\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\u7684Title\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6807\u9898\u4e0d\u591f\u7279\u610f\uff0c\u770b\u4e86\u9898\u76ee\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u5728\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u53bb\u770b\u6587\u7ae0\u624d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u8bf4\u4e86\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n

Modulation of postendocytic sorting of G-protein-coupled receptors<\/em>,\u00a0\u4ec0\u4e48Modulation\uff0c\u662fup Modulation\uff0c\u8fd8\u662fdown Modulation\uff0c\u6ca1\u7528\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\u3002<\/p>\n

Distinct molecular mechanism for initiating TRAF6 signaling<\/em>\uff0c\u62ffDistinct\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u5b57\u6765\u5413\u552c\u4eba\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd8\u6709\u6211\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u6807\u9898\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u5f00\u00a0\u59cb\uff1aIdentification of\u00a0\u2026; Role of\u00a0\u2026; Involvement of\u2026\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u5f88\u76f4\u63a5\uff0c\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u600e\u6837\u5199\u6458\u8981\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u5199\u6458\u8981\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u6b7b\u662f\u6d3b\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e0e\u6458\u8981\u5199\u7684\u597d\u4e0d\u597d\u3002\u5047\u5982\u5199\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5316\u4e8620\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u6458\u8981\u4e0a\u53163\uff0d5\u5c0f\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u51a4\u6789\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

Abstract\u5305\u62ec\u51e0\u4e2a\u6210\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n

Rationale<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u505a\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u00a0\u5982\u201c\u2026remain unknown\u201d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53bb\u505a\u201cTo determine\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

Summary statement<\/span><\/strong>,\u5373\u7b80\u77ed\u6307\u660e\u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u5982\u201cHere we show\u2026\u201d,\u201cHere we report\u2026\u201d,\u00a0\u201cHere we describe\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

Body<\/span><\/strong>,\u00a0\u5f88\u591a\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5199\u5f88\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u628a\u6211\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u6b63\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u53cd\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u505a\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u70e6\u7410\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0,\u00a0\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u5c3d\u91cf\u5c11\u7528\u7279\u6b8a\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u7528\u7f29\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n

Significance<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5373\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6458\u8981\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u00a0\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u8981\u5439\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u5927\u8bdd\uff0c\u6216\u3002\u5047\u5982\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u8f7b\u8f7b\u5730\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5439\u7684\u592a\u5389\u5bb3\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f15\u8d77\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u598220\u4e16\u00a0\u7eaa\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u73b0DNA\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e48\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u73b0J. D. Watson and F. H. C. Crick\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u7684\uff1aIt has not escaped our attention that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material.\u00a0\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u5439\u7684\u5f88\u5389\u5bb3\uff0c\u6ca1\u7528\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u591a\u4f1f\u5927\u3002\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5b83\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u8f7b\u8f7b\u7684\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5199\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u5f69\u3002\u00a0\u6709\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u201cDNA\u53cc\u87ba\u65cb\u201c\u662fWatson\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4e66\u7684\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u5199\u5230\u4ed6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5199\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u4e00\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6458\u8981\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5199\u5f97\u7cbe\u5f69\uff1aFormation of the normal mammalian cerebral cortex requires the migration of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons from an extracortical origin, the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE). Mechanisms guiding the migratory direction of these neurons, or other neurons in the neocortex, are not well understood<\/em>.\u00a0\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u9700\u8981\u67d0\u4e00\u79cdneurons\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8fc1\u79fb\uff0c\u4f46\u8fc1\u79fb\u7684\u673a\u5236\u4e0d\u592a\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8bb2\u7684\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u61c2\u4e0d\u61c2\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u00a0We have used an explant assay to study GABAergic neuronal migration and found that the ventricular zone (VZ) of the LGE is repulsive to GABAergic neurons. Furthermore, the secreted protein Slit is a chemorepellent guiding the migratory direction of GABAergic neurons, and blockade of endogenous Slit signaling inhibits the repulsive activity in the VZ. These results have revealed a cellular source of guidance for GABAergic neurons, demonstrated a molecular cue important for cortical development, and suggested a guidance mechanism for the migration of extracortical neurons into the neocortex.\u00a0\u6700\u540e\u00a0\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u7528\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\uff08revealed\u3001demonstrated\u3001suggested\uff09\u5e76\u5217\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u628a\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u8bf4\u660e\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5199\u5f97\u76f8\u5f53\u4e0d\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n

\u600e\u6837\u5199\u6b63\u6587\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u6587\u5305\u62ecIntroduction, Results, Discussion.\u00a0\u600e\u4e48\u5199\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4f53\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6211\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u7684\u5f97:\u5148\u4e0d\u5199Body\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u62ff\u4e00\u5f20\u7eb8\u6765\uff0c\u628a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u56fe\u753b\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u753b\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u753b\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\uff0c\u00a0\u5373Fig. 1\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u56fe\uff0cFig. 2\u5b83\u00a0\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u600e\u6837\uff0c\u5148\u505a\u56fe\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u00a0Figure layout\u3002\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5199\u56fe\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3Figure legend\uff0c\u5373Fig. 1\u662f\u600e\u6837\u505a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff0cFig. 2\u662f\u600e\u6837\u505a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5148\u5199Results\uff0c\u518d\u5199Introduction\uff0c\u00a0\u6700\u540e\u5199Discussion\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5199Result\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u00a0\u6839\u636e\u56fe\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u5f80\u4e0b\u5199\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u00a0\u6bcf\u4e00\u6bb5\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u573a\u767d\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u505a\u4e0b\u9762\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u201cTo determine\u2026\u201d\u00a0\u201cTo investigate\u2026\u201d\u00a0\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u6027\u8981\u5f3a\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u8981\u7b80\u7ec3\uff0c\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u505a\u8be5\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u9633\u6027\u5bf9\u7167\uff0c\u9634\u6027\u5bf9\u7167\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u5c3d\u91cf\u5c11\u505a\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u63a8\u8bba\uff0c\u00a0\u4e0d\u8981\u505a\u731c\u60f3\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6bb5\u7684\u6700\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u77ed\u603b\u7ed3\u3002\u201cThese results suggest\u2026\u201d\u201cTherefore,\u00a0\u2026\u201d\u201cTaken together\u2026\u201d\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u524d\u547c\u540e\u5e94\u3002\u524d\u540e\u6bb5\u4e4b\u95f4\u8981\u6709\u8054\u7edc\uff0c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u592a\u751f\u786c\u3002<\/p>\n

Introduction\u600e\u4e48\u5199\uff1f\u4e3b\u8981\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bfb\u8005\u6309\u7167\u4f60\u7684\u601d\u8def\u00a0\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u6240\u4ee5Introduction\u5927\u6982\u8981\u5199\u660e\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u51e0\u70b9\u3002(1) What do we know about the subjects? Only relevant information should be provided; don\u2019t write a review. (2)What we don\u2019t know. (3)Rationale\uff1aWhy you want to do it? Don\u2019t repeat abstract. (4) Approaches\uff1aHow you are going to do it. (5)Significance Make an appeal to general readers.\u00a0\u6709\u00a0\u4e00\u70b9\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u628aIntroduction\u5199\u6210\u7efc\u8ff0review\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u4eba\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5168\u90e8\u5199\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002\u524d\u9762\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bb2\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u4eba\u5bb6\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5148\u4e0d\u770bIntroduction\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u6015\u88ab\u4eba\u7275\u7740\u9f3b\u5b50\u8d70\u3002\u800c\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u5199Introduction\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7275\u7740\u4f60\u7684\u9f3b\u5b50\u8d70\u00a0\uff08\u7b11\uff09\u3002\u00a0\u5f00\u4e2a\u73a9\u7b11\u3002\u00a0\u4e00\u822cIntroduction\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u53ea\u5199\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u4eba\u5bb6\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u7275\u7740\u4eba\u5bb6\u7684\u9f3b\u5b50\u8d70\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u4eba\u5bb6\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u601d\u8def\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\u662fDiscussion\uff0c\u00a0\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u96be\u5199\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u53c8\u6700\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u8bc4\u5ba1\u90fd\u4e0d\u770bDiscussion\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u6700\u540e\u5199\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8981\u5199\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5bf9\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e0a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u521b\u610f\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u65b0\u601d\u8def\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u53ef\u9760\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u5bb6\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ddf\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u6587\u732e\u652f\u6301\u4f60\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u00a0\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\u4f60\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b0\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u3002\u00a0\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u5bb6\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u4e86\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u521b\u65b0\u5462\uff1f\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u4f60\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0e\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f60\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5e76\u5f15\u7528\u6587\u732e\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e0d\u505a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u53ea\u505a\u8fa9\u89e3\u3002\u4f60\u56e0\u5c3d\u6700\u5927\u52aa\u529b\u505a\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\uff0c\u624d\u4f5c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6574\u4e2a\u6b63\u6587\u600e\u4e48\u5199\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u4ee5\u540e\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u60c5\u987b\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u53cd\u590d\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u518d\u591a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5206\u3002\u5199\u5b8c\u540e\u8bf7\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8ba9\u9886\u57df\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u770b\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u6536\u83b7\u3002\u6211\u6709\u4e2a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u505a\u5b8c\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u8ba9\u4ed6\u53bb\u5199\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5199\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u89c9\u5f97\u5f88\u5f97\u610f\u62ff\u6765\u7ed9\u6211\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u54ea\u91cc\u4e0d\u884c\u3002\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u5148\u8bb2\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba9\u4ed6\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u53bb\u5199\u4e00\u4efd\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u4e1c\u73b0\u5728\u6218\u7565\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4efd\u6750\u6599\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u4e00\u4e00\u5b9a\u641e\u597d\uff0c\u7ed9\u6211\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a9\u624b\u5728\u8fd9\u5468\u672b\u6ca1\u6709\u4f11\u606f\uff0c\u67e5\u9605\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u5199\u5b8c\u540e\uff0c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\uff0c\u4ed6\u60f3\u8868\u529f,\u00a0\u8fd9\u5468\u672b\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u597d\u7684\u4f11\u606f\uff0c\u67e5\u9605\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u624d\u5199\u5b8c\u3002\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u00a0\u62ff\u5728\u624b\u4e00\u770b\u8bf4\uff0c\u00a0\u4e0d\u591f\u597dThat is not great enough\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u52a9\u624b\u60f3\uff0c\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u771f\u662f\u5929\u624d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u770b\u4e00\u773c\uff0c\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u5199\u7684\u4e0d\u591f\u597d\u3002\u7136\u540e\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u8bf4\uff0c\u518d\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e8c\u5929\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4ed6\u56de\u53bb\u53c8\u53bb\u5199\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u661f\u671f\u4e09\u53c8\u62ff\u53bb\u7ed9\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\uff0c\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u770b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u53c8\u8bf4\uff0cThat is not great enough,\u00a0\u4f60\u628a\u6750\u6599\u62ff\u56de\u53bb\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u52a9\u624b\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u5316\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5199\u4e86\u3002\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u518d\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u52a9\u624b\u53ea\u597d\u62ff\u56de\u53bb\u8fde\u591c\u5199\u3001\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8bf7\u6559\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u5b8c\u540e\uff0c\u661f\u671f\u56db\u53c8\u53bb\u89c1\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b49\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u5f00\u53e3\u5c31\u5148\u8bf4\uff0c\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u5316\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e86\uff0c\u8981\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u4f60\u518d\u8ddf\u6211\u8bb2That is not great enough\uff0cI quit\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u5e72\u4e86\u3002\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u8bf4\uff0cIn that case, I will read it\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u53bb\u8bfb\u4e00\u4e0b\u00a0\uff08\u7b11\uff09\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u524d\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bfb\u8fc7\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u52a9\u624b\u6709\u6f5c\u529b\u53ef\u6316\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u57fa\u8f9b\u683c\u624d\u53bb\u8bfb\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6700\u540e\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e0b\u600e\u6837\u5bf9\u5f85\u8bc4\u5ba1\u3002\u5047\u5982\u8bf4\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\uff0c\u6216\u88ab\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u4e00\u584c\u7cca\u6d82\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6b63\u786e\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u6211\u5230\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u8bb2\u5b66\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u662f\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u6709\u504f\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u7167\u987e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u6295\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u90fd\u6253\u56de\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u662f\u4e0d\u8bb2\u9053\u7406\u7684\u3002\u6211\u8bf4\u4f60\u8bb2\u7684\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u5bb6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u53d1\u6587\u7ae0\u90fd\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u756a\u8270\u96be\u66f2\u6298\uff0c\u6211\u53cd\u590d\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u505a\u7684\u597d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8981\u641e\u61c2\u5404\u4e2a\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u8bc4\u5ba1\u5f55\u53d6\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u00a0\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u5b66\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u6b63\u786e\u5bf9\u5f85\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f85\u8bc4\u5ba1\u3002\u6536\u5230\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u8bc4\u5ba1\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u8981\u51b7\u9759\u4e0b\u6765\u00a0be calm\uff0c\u4eba\u5bb6\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u8bf4\u7684\u4e00\u584c\u7cca\u6d82\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec7\u6068\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u8bf4\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u4f60\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u597d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8981\u53d1\u706b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u751f\u6c14\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u8bc4\u5ba1\u8bf4\u5f97\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4ed6\u8bf4\u7684\u6ca1\u6709\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u8f91\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u00a0\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8981\u4e0e\u7f16\u8f91\u4fdd\u6301\u7684\u826f\u597d\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8bc4\u5ba1\u8bf4\u7684\u5f88\u6ca1\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u4e0e\u7f16\u8f91\u5435\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u53ea\u80fd\u8ddf\u7f16\u8f91\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u8bc4\u5ba1\u76f4\u63a5\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bc4\u5ba1\u662f\u533f\u540d\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u8c01\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u7f16\u8f91\u4e0e\u8bc4\u5ba1\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u4e0e\u8bb2\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7528\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u7528\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u4f60\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u7406\u89e3,\u6700\u540e\u7ad9\u5728\u4f60\u4e00\u8fb9\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u8fd8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u8f91\u53bb\u8bf4\u670d\u8bc4\u5ba1\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4e0e\u8bc4\u5ba1\u4e89\u8fa9\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e0d\u8981\u611f\u60c5\u7528\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u7528\u8fc7\u6fc0\u7684\u8a00\u8f9e\u3002\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u8981\u653b\u51fb\u8bc4\u5ba1\uff0c\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4e0d\u61c2\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f60\u5199\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8fa9\u89e3\u90fd\u662f\u8981\u9001\u56de\u8bc4\u5ba1\u90a3\u513f\u53bb\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u8bf4\u00a0I agree, I appreciate,\u00a0\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u597d\u7684\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bc4\u5ba1\u53eb\u4f60\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u5c3d\u6700\u5927\u52aa\u529b\u53bb\u505a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5373\u4f7f\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8bc4\u5ba1\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u540c\u60c5\u611f\u3002\u4f60\u8f9b\u8f9b\u82e6\u82e6\u5730\u505a\u4e86\u534a\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u518d\u8981\u63d0\u5f88\u62a0\u95e8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u8bdd\u5c31\u6709\u70b9\u4e0d\u8bb2\u9053\u7406\u4e86\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u901a\u8fc7\u7b97\u4e86\u3002\u8bf7\u4e0d\u8981\u60f3\u51fa\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u6587\u732e\u6765\u4e3a\u4f60\u4e0d\u505a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u800c\u8fa9\u89e3\u3002\u4f60\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bc4\u5ba1\u8ba9\u4f60\u8865\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f60\u505a\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u96be\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5047\u5982\u4f60\u53d1\u73b0\u8bc4\u5ba1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\u641e\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u758f\u5ffd\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u660e\u5199\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u89c2\u70b9\u6ca1\u641e\u61c2\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u9879\u65b0\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u660e\u663e\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u6293\u4f4f\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u9a73\u3002\u5bf9\u7f16\u8f91\u79c1\u4e0b\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u770b\u8bc4\u5ba1\u8fde\u8fd9\u70b9\u90fd\u6ca1\u641e\u61c2\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4ed6\u4e0d\u591f\u683c\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4ed6\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u89c2\u70b9\u4e5f\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u7f16\u8f91\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f60\uff0c\u518d\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u6b21\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u662f\u8bc4\u5ba1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u5728\u8fd9\u95ee\u9898\u4ed6\u6709\u9519\uff0c\u90a3\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ed3\u675f\u8bed\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u63a8\u8350\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u3002\u00a0\u6709\u7684\u4e66\u662f\u7ecf\u5e38\u8981\u67e5\u548c\u7ffb\u7684\uff0c\u8c61\u201cThe elements of style\u201d\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5b57\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u90fd\u6709\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u653e\u5728\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4compare with\u00a0\u548ccompare to,\u00a0\u5230\u5e95\u600e\u4e48\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u8bed\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u592a\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec5\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u628a\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u653e\u5728\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u4e66\u3002\u597d\u4eca\u5929\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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